Discover the Charms of Japanese Myth: Unraveling Ancient Tales of Gods and Creation

The ancient myths passed down through generations in Japan are the very source of the culture and customs that we Japanese take for granted. Yet, opportunities to truly delve into their profound depth and grandeur are surprisingly rare, aren't they?

In this blog post, we'll introduce you to these Japanese myths in an easy-to-understand way, incorporating perspectives that might make international visitors wonder, "Why is it like this?" or "This part is so intriguing!"

After reading this article, you're sure to rediscover that what is commonplace in Japan is actually quite special to the rest of the world!

• You'll learn about the unique gods and legendary creatures appearing in Japanese myths.
• You'll understand the origins of Japanese myths and their enduring influence on modern life.
• We'll introduce you to myth-related sightseeing spots that inbound tourists can enjoy.
• You can casually explore the fascinating world of Japanese myths without overthinking it.

So, let's begin our journey together into the world of ancient Japanese tales!

What Exactly is Japanese Myth? Grand Stories Woven by the Gods

Japanese myths are tales of gods and heroes that have been passed down since ancient times. Here, we'll introduce you to the fundamental aspects of Japanese mythology, along with some particularly famous episodes, in an easy-to-understand way.

You'll surely be surprised by the dramatic developments, almost like watching an epic anime or movie!

What is Japanese Myth? A Quick Explanation of Its Origins and Worldview

"When did Japanese mythology actually begin?" You might be wondering that, right? Japanese myths are a collection of various ancient beliefs from different regions, unified by the Yamato Imperial Court, an ancient centralized government.

Particularly important are two books: "Kojiki" (completed in 712 AD) and "Nihon Shoki" (completed in 720 AD). These can be called Japan's "oldest historical records," systematically documenting Japanese myths and history. The stories recorded within them form the foundation of the Japanese mythology we know today.

These texts describe grand narratives from the beginning of the universe to the birth of the gods, and how the Japanese archipelago was created. While they read like fantasy novels, for the people of that time, these were crucial teachings for understanding their roots and the creation of their world.

Introducing the Major Gods in Japanese Mythology!

Japanese mythology features a truly vast number of deities. Among them, three particularly important figures are known as the "San-kishin" (Three Noble Children):

• Amaterasu Omikami (天照大御神)The supreme sun goddess and ancestor of the Japanese Imperial Family. She is depicted as a gentle and compassionate deity, enshrined at the Inner Shrine (Naiku) of Ise Grand Shrine. Said to be the motif for Japan's "Hinomaru" (Rising Sun flag), she is one of the most important gods in Japan.

• Tsukuyomi no Mikoto (月読命)The god who rules the night world, Tsukuyomi is the younger brother of Amaterasu Omikami. He is often depicted as a quiet and mysterious being, like the moon itself.

• Susanoo no Mikoto (須佐之男命)Though possessing a wild temperament, he is not an evil god. Susanoo is a powerful and charming deity who slayed the Yamata no Orochi (eight-headed serpent) and overcame various challenges. While he is often associated with Izumo Taisha Grand Shrine, the main deity enshrined there is actually a different god!

And another indispensable figure in Japanese mythology is:

• Okuninushi no Kami (大國主神)Known as the god of nation-building, medicine, agriculture, and "matchmaking." He is enshrined as the main deity of Izumo Taisha Grand Shrine in Shimane Prefecture, and as a "power spot for matchmaking," it attracts many visitors from both Japan and abroad.

Understanding the stories woven by these gods will surely make your visits to Japanese shrines and festivals even more fascinating.

The Legend of Japan's Birth! What is the "Kuniumi Myth"?

"How was Japan created?" The "Kuniumi Myth" (Myth of the Creation of the Land), one of the most famous Japanese myths, answers this very question.

The story begins when the world was still in chaos. By the command of the first gods born, a male and female deity, Izanagi (伊邪那岐命) and Izanami (伊邪那美命), came into existence.

The two deities stirred the still-muddy sea with a spear bestowed from heaven, called Ame-no-nuboko (天沼矛). As drops dripped from the spear, they solidified into an island. This was the first island created, Onogoro-jima (淤能碁呂島).

Landing on this island, Izanagi and Izanami married and gave birth to many children. Among them were the eight large islands (Ōyashima-no-kuni) that make up the Japanese archipelago, including Awaji Island, followed by Shikoku, Oki Islands, Kyushu, and Honshu. It's a romantic tale, isn't it, as if the very land of Japan was born from the love of the gods.

However, the story doesn't end there. Izanami died giving birth to the fire god Kagutsuchi, and grief-stricken Izanagi pursued his wife to the land of the dead, "Yomi-no-kuni." But there, he saw her transformed appearance, became afraid, and fled back.

Upon returning from Yomi-no-kuni, Izanagi performed a purification ritual (misogi) to cleanse himself of defilement. During this purification, none other than Amaterasu Omikami (the Sun), Tsukuyomi no Mikoto (the Moon), and Susanoo no Mikoto (the Sea) – the three fundamental and important gods of Japan – were born.

This Kuniumi Myth, depicting not only the formation of Japan's land but also the birth of its major deities, is truly an epic Genesis.

Representative Creatures in Japanese Myth! How Do They Differ from Dragons and Yokai?

Japanese mythology features not only gods but also various mysterious creatures. When you hear terms like "dragon" or "yokai," it might be a bit confusing for those from overseas.

First, about "dragons" in Japanese mythology:While Chinese dragons often have a more sacred and powerful image, soaring through the sky, dragons in Japanese mythology are often depicted as manifestations of Suijin (water gods) or Raijin (thunder gods), governing water, rain, and lightning. They are frequently represented in forms similar to snakes. For example, the Yamata no Orochi is sometimes interpreted as a type of dragon with a giant serpent-like appearance. They were revered as symbols of natural forces and have been passed down with awe.

On the other hand, "yokai" are slightly different from the "kami" (gods) of mythology. Yokai are a collective term for mysterious phenomena and creatures born from people's fears and curiosity, passed down through民间stories after mythology was systematized. For example, Kappa, Tengu, and Oni are famous. These are not revered like gods but rather are said to play tricks on humans or sometimes be feared.

In essence, the "dragons" of mythology represent the sacred aspects of nature, while "yokai" represent the mysteries and oddities lurking in people's daily lives. Understanding this distinction might help you appreciate Japanese stories even more deeply.

Enjoy Japanese Mythology Even More! A Journey to Legendary Sites

Japanese myths are not just stories. The places where these tales unfolded are actually scattered throughout Japan. Here, we'll introduce myth-related sites and ways to enjoy them, recommended for inbound tourists.

Visiting these places will surely give you a special experience, as if you've traveled back in time to the world of myth.

Time Travel to the World of Myth! 5 Sacred Sites in Japan You Must Visit

Japan has many places where mythical stories truly breathe. Here are 5 representative sacred sites that we particularly recommend you visit.

1. Ise Grand Shrine (Mie Prefecture)This is Japan's most prestigious shrine, dedicated to Amaterasu Omikami, the supreme deity of Japan. Its history is said to span over 2,000 years, and since ancient times, many people have visited for "O-Ise-mairi" (pilgrimage to Ise). The vast grounds are lined with trees hundreds of years old, enveloped in a sacred atmosphere. English worship guides are available for foreign visitors, offering a valuable opportunity to touch upon the Japanese spirit.

2. Izumo Taisha Grand Shrine (Shimane Prefecture)Dedicated to Okuninushi no Kami, famous as the god of matchmaking, this is one of Japan's leading power spots. During "Kamiari-zuki" (the month when gods are present, the 10th month of the lunar calendar), when all the gods of Japan gather in Izumo, many pilgrims visit from across the country. Its magnificent main hall and distinctive shimenawa (sacred straw rope) are breathtaking. It is truly an international sacred site, attracting people from all over the world wishing for "matchmaking."

3. Tsukushi Hyuga Tachibana no Ogato no Awagihara (Miyazaki Prefecture, Kochi Prefecture, etc.)This is the place where Izanagi performed purification after returning from Yomi-no-kuni. From this purification, the three noble gods – Amaterasu Omikami, Tsukuyomi no Mikoto, and Susanoo no Mikoto – were born. While there are several candidate locations, including Miyazaki City in Miyazaki Prefecture and Kochi Prefecture, Takachiho Town in Miyazaki Prefecture is particularly famous as a "mythical village" and is promoted as the birthplace of the three noble gods.

4. Emperor Jinmu's Mausoleum (Nara Prefecture, Kashihara City)This is the imperial mausoleum of Emperor Jinmu, considered the first emperor of Japan. Emperor Jinmu is said to be a descendant of Ninigi-no-Mikoto, the grandson of Amaterasu Omikami, making him an important figure where myth and history intersect. While there are various theories regarding the actual existence of Emperor Jinmu, this place is cherished as a site deeply connected to Japan's founding myths.

5. Amanoiwato Shrine (Kochi Prefecture)This shrine is known as the stage for the "Amano-Iwato" legend. The myth tells of Amaterasu Omikami, saddened by Susanoo no Mikoto's unruly behavior, hiding in a rock cave (Iwato), plunging the world into darkness. The "Amanoiwato Shrine" in Kochi City, Kochi Prefecture, is considered the most probable location for this legend. A natural cave serves as the sacred object (goshintai), enveloping the shrine in a mystical atmosphere.

Visiting these sacred sites will be a precious opportunity to experience Japanese myths and connect with their profound spirituality.

Experience Japanese Myths Through Festivals and Traditional Events

Japanese myths are not only found in shrines but are also deeply embedded in festivals and traditional events. Participating in these events offers a wonderful opportunity to feel myths more intimately and rediscover the roots of Japanese culture.

For instance, the "Kamiari-sai" (Festival of the Gods' Presence) at Izumo Taisha Grand Shrine is a festival where the world of myth truly comes alive in the modern age. It is said that in the 10th month of the lunar calendar (around November in the Gregorian calendar), the Yaoyorozu no Kami (eight million gods) from all over Japan gather in Izumo for a conference. For this reason, while this month is called "Kannazuki" (month without gods) in other regions, only Izumo calls it "Kamiari-zuki." During this period, various Shinto rituals are performed at Izumo Taisha to welcome and send off the gods, and their solemn and mysterious atmosphere captivates visitors. It's such a popular event that even tours for foreigners are organized.

Furthermore, the "Shikinen Sengu" (Periodic Reconstruction and Relocation of Shrine) at Ise Grand Shrine is a significant traditional event deeply connected to Japanese myths. This is an elaborate ritual, performed every 20 years, where the shrine buildings and sacred treasures are newly built, and the deity (goshintai) is transferred to the new shrine. The next one is scheduled for 2033 (Reiwa 15). This relocation symbolizes the idea of "renewal" in mythology, and it is a manifestation of ancient Japanese beliefs that seek to enhance the power of the gods by always maintaining a state of purity and newness.

By participating in festivals and traditional events, you'll realize that mythical stories are not just fairy tales but are deeply rooted in our modern lives and beliefs.

Deepen Inbound Popularity with Anime and Manga Based on Japanese Mythology

"Japanese mythology seems a bit difficult…" You might feel that way, but in reality, Japanese myths are vividly depicted in modern pop culture, especially anime and manga, captivating people worldwide. This has become one of the reasons why people from overseas become interested in Japanese mythology.

For example, the manga and anime "Kamisama Kiss" (Kamisama Hajimemashita) is set in Izumo Taisha, and its popularity contributed to an increase in foreign tourists visiting the shrine. By encountering the daily lives of Japanese gods and the atmosphere of shrines in the work, many people felt, "I want to visit this place in real life!"

Also, "Naruto," a global hit, features jutsus (techniques) modeled after the Japanese mythical "Nine-Tailed Fox" and the sun god "Amaterasu." When you realize that elements of ancient Japanese mythology are incorporated into the world of ninjas, you might be surprised by its depth.

Moreover, the "Hinokami Kagura" (Dance of the Fire God) appearing in the social phenomenon "Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba" is said to derive from "Kagutsuchi," the fire god in mythology. And in "Jujutsu Kaisen," which depicts the battles of modern sorcerers, names of gods like "Amaterasu" and "Susanoo" appear as the origins of their techniques.

These works are not only entertaining but also serve as gateways to Japanese mythology and culture. Through anime and manga, people's desire to "learn more about Japan" blossoms, and the number of foreign tourists visiting mythical sacred sites like "Izumo Taisha" and "Ise Grand Shrine" has been increasing year by year. This is also gaining attention as a new form of tourism called anime tourism.

Tips to Make Your Trip More Interesting with Knowledge of Japanese Mythology

Now that you've learned about Japanese mythology, why not use that knowledge to enhance your trip? With a little effort, your trip to Japan can become a more profound and unforgettable experience.

• Utilize a "Myth Map"!Try downloading a "Myth Tourism Map" provided by organizations like the Japan National Tourism Organization (JNTO). With this, you can easily see where myth-related sites are located! By visiting the settings of these stories, you can feel as if you've become a character in a myth yourself.

• Book an "English Guide"!At major mythical spots like Ise Grand Shrine and Izumo Taisha, more places are offering English guides for foreign tourists (as of 2024, both paid and free options exist). Listening to explanations from an expert guide will allow you to deeply understand the history of the shrine and the background of the myths, which you wouldn't grasp just by looking at the scenery.

• Read the stories beforehand!Before your trip, it's a good idea to read a simplified or English version of the "Kojiki" ("The Kojiki"). If you have the outline of the stories in mind, when you actually visit the places, you'll feel a deeper sense of emotion, thinking, "Ah, this is where that happened!" Knowing the stories will make the atmosphere and scenery of the place resonate more vividly in your heart.

Japanese mythology is not just an old collection of tales. It is a vital and living narrative that deeply influences the formation of this country, the beliefs of its people, and even our modern culture.

By encountering this grand narrative, you are sure to rediscover the "special charm of the world" hidden within "Japan's everyday." So, why don't you take a step into the world of Japanese mythology?[Internal link: Thorough Explanation of Highlights of Japanese Festivals and Traditional Events]

Japanese Myth is Profound! A Summary of Enjoying Ancient Tales in the Modern Age

In this article, we've broadly introduced Japanese mythology, from its origins and major gods to its impact on modern pop culture and tourism.

The answer to the question, "Why are there so many gods in Japan?" lies in the Japanese concept of "Yaoyorozu no Kami" (eight million gods). It's because Japan has long had a culture of "nature worship," believing that gods reside in all aspects of nature, such as mountains, rivers, trees, and stones.

Also, the question, "What's the distinction between myth and history?" is often asked. Japanese myths sometimes intertwine with history, and figures with mythical roots like Emperor Jinmu are officially recorded as the first emperor, thereby providing mythical legitimacy to the Imperial lineage. This might be a unique and interesting aspect of Japan, differing slightly from the myths of other countries.

And we touched upon the question of "the difference between dragons and yokai." The dragons in Japanese mythology are manifestations of water gods or thunder gods, symbolizing nature's blessings and threats. On the other hand, yokai are creatures born from folk traditions of later periods, taking shape from people's imagination and mysterious experiences. Understanding this difference will allow you to enjoy Japanese stories and culture even more deeply.

With the number of inbound tourists exceeding 25 million in 2023 and aiming for 30 million in 2024, interest in Japan is growing ever stronger. Mythological spots, in particular, are attracting attention as a central point for "inbound demand." Shrines are operated as religious corporations and protected by the Cultural Properties Protection Act. Foreign tourists can visit freely, but be aware that there may be some restrictions, such as on photography in sacred areas.

The ancient mythical tales passed down in Japan are not mere fairy tales. They are living narratives that profoundly influence the foundation of this country, the beliefs of its people, and even our modern culture.

By encountering this grand narrative, you are sure to rediscover the "special charm of the world" hidden within "Japan's everyday." So, why don't you take a step into the world of Japanese mythology?